Hypothermia is characterised by shivering, slurred speech, abnormally slow breathing, cold, pale skin, loss of coordination, fatigue, and lethargy or apathy.

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If you suspect a back or neck (spinal) injury, do not move the affected person. Permanent paralysis and other serious complications can result.

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Signs and symptoms of sunburn usually appear within a few hours of exposure, bringing pain, redness, swelling and occasional blistering. Because exposure often affects a large area of your skin, sunburn can cause headache, fever and fatigue.

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If your tooth is knocked out, get emergency dental care. It's sometimes possible to remedy tooth loss by successfully reimplanting permanent teeth that have been knocked out. But this is an option only if you act quickly.

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When exposed to very cold temperatures, skin and underlying tissues may freeze, resulting in frostbite. The areas most likely to be affected by frostbite are your hands, feet, nose and ears.

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A bruise forms when a blow breaks small blood vessels near your skin's surface, allowing a small amount of blood to leak out into the tissues under your skin. The trapped blood appears as a black-and-blue mark. Sometimes, there also are tiny red dots or red splotches.

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Generally when you swallow a foreign object, it will pass through your digestive system without much incident. However, some objects can lodge in the oesophagus (food pipe), and can cause choking or such complications.

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Foreign objects in the skin can cause itching, rashes, infections and other related complications. They should be removed immediately and without delay. If the object is only partially embedded in the skin and is easily accessible, use a pair of tweezers to remove it. Then clean the area well with soap and water.

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A foreign object in the nose can cause pain and difficulty in breathing. These objects are usually marbles, beads, and other small particles. If an object is lodged in the nose, the nose may bleed, but this can be stopped using ice. It is not advisable to pinch the nose shut as this may cause further damage.

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Foreign objects can often enter the eye and cause the eye to become red and start stinging. Depending on the nature of the object, the following first aid steps can be used.

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